India holds a significant position in the global pharmaceutical and vaccine sector, being the largest provider of generic medicines worldwide. With a 20% share in global supply volume and contributing to 60% of global vaccines, India ranks third globally in volume and fourteenth in value. Key segments of the Indian pharmaceutical industry include OTC medicines, Generics, APIs, Vaccines, Biosimilars, and Custom Research Manufacturing (CRM). Renowned for its affordability and high quality, India is often referred to as the “Pharmacy of the World.” The country is a world leader in supplying vaccines such as DPT, BCG, and Measles, boasting the highest number of US FDA approved plants outside the USA. The industry’s annual turnover was US$ 36.7 billion in 2019-20, with major achievements in providing affordable HIV drugs. India predominantly exports drug formulations & biologicals, contributing to about 75% of total pharmaceutical exports. Despite global challenges, India’s pharmaceutical exports remained robust, reaching US$ 24.62 billion in 2021-22. Noteworthy export destinations include the USA, UK, South Africa, Russia, and Nigeria. India’s pivotal role during the Covid-19 pandemic showcased its ability to be a consistent and reliable pharma supplier globally, even in times of crisis.